Financial Intermediation, Liquidity and Inflation
نویسندگان
چکیده
This paper develops a search-theoretic model to study the interaction between banking and monetary policy and how this interaction affects the allocation and welfare. Regarding how banking affects the welfare costs of inflation: First, we find that, with banking, inflation generates smaller welfare costs. Second, we show that, lowering inflation improves welfare not just by reducing consumption/production distortions, but also by avoiding intermediation costs. Therefore, understanding the nature of intermediation cost is critical for accurately assessing the welfare gain of lowering the inflation target. Regarding how monetary policy affects the welfare effects of banking: First, banking always improves efficiency of production, but the banking technology has to be efficient to improve welfare (especially in low inflation economy). Second, welfare effects of banking depend on monetary policy. For low inflation, banking is not active. For high inflation, banking is active and improves welfare. For moderate inflation, banking is active but reduces welfare. Owing to general equilibrium feedback, banking is supported in equilibrium even though welfare is higher without banking. JEL classification: E40, E50 Bank classification: Monetary policy framework Résumé Les auteurs élaborent un modèle théorique de recherche afin d’étudier l’interaction entre l’activité bancaire et la politique monétaire, tout comme l’incidence de cette interaction sur l’allocation des ressources et le bien-être. L’activité bancaire est un facteur d’atténuation : c’est la première conclusion que les auteurs tirent de l’analyse du rôle de l’activité bancaire au regard des coûts de l’inflation sur le plan du bien-être. Ils montrent en second lieu qu’abaisser l’inflation accentue le bien-être, non seulement parce que cette action réduit les distorsions de la consommation et de la production, mais encore parce qu’elle permet d’éviter les coûts d’intermédiation. Saisir, par conséquent, la nature du coût d’intermédiation est capital si l’on veut évaluer au plus près le gain de bien-être attendu d’une cible d’inflation moins élevée. S’agissant de la façon dont la politique monétaire modifie les effets de l’activité bancaire sur le bien-être, les auteurs font deux constats. D’abord, si l’intermédiation bancaire améliore toujours l’efficience productive, le bien-être n’augmente cependant qu’à condition que les banques disposent d’une technologie efficiente (surtout au sein d’une économie à basse inflation). Ensuite, les effets de l’activité bancaire sur le bien-être dépendent de la politique monétaire. Ainsi, l’intermédiation est limitée en régime de basse inflation mais s’accroît et favorise le bien-être quand l’inflation est forte; à un taux d’inflation modéré, elle est dynamique mais diminue le bien-être. L’enchaînement d’effets, révélé
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